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Scientists make use of AI to get genetic information from extinct humans to discover new antibiotics

A research team, led by bioengineering pioneer César de la Fuente, has utilized artificial intelligence-based computational methods to mine genetic information from extinct humans like Neanderthals and long-extinct ice age creatures such as giant sloths and woolly mammoths. The team discovered small proteins or peptides in this genetic information that possess bacteria-fighting properties, offering potential for the development of new drugs to combat infections in humans. This innovative approach not only opens up possibilities for creating new drugs but also expands the understanding of molecular diversity.

By exploring genetic information from extinct species, the researchers identified novel sequences and types of molecules that were previously unknown in living organisms. These peptides, which have never been encountered by present-day bacteria, hold promise for targeting contemporary pathogens and addressing the global issue of antimicrobial resistance.

César de la Fuente, Presidential Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, highlighted the significance of this discovery in addressing the antibiotic resistance crisis. He emphasized that these newly identified molecules could offer a better opportunity for targeting problematic pathogens in the current era.

The urgency of finding new antibiotics is emphasized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as microbial resistance is a significant global health concern. The WHO reports nearly 5 million deaths annually related to microbial resistance. Most antibiotics are derived from fungi and bacteria discovered through screening microorganisms in soil. However, overuse of antibiotics has led to the development of drug-resistant pathogens.

To tackle the antibiotic resistance crisis, researchers are exploring various potential solutions, including phages (viruses that naturally consume bacteria). This innovative approach of mining genetic information from extinct species using AI-based methods provides a unique avenue for discovering peptides with bacteria-fighting properties and developing new drugs to address the evolving challenges of microbial resistance.

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